1. Argo, V. 1963. Root growth claims soil from the sea.
Natural History 72: 52-56.
2. Chapman, V.J. Mangrove Vegetation. Strauss and Cramer
GmBH, Germany, 1976.
3. Craighead, Frank C. 1964. Land, mangroves and hurricanes.
Fairchild Tropical Garden Bulletin 19(4). 4. Davis, J.H.
1940. Ecology and geologic role of mangroves in Florida.
Carnegie Institute 22: 303-412.
5. Division of Forestry. "Coastal Plants of Florida - A Key to
Good Land Management." 1979.
6. Elias, T.S. (1980) Trees of North America. Outdoor
Life/Nature Books, New York, 1980.
7. Gore, R. "The Tree Nobody Liked." National Geographic v.
151(5), 1977. National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C.
8. Harrar, E.S. and J.G. Harrar. Guide to Southern
Trees. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1962.
9. Jimenez, J.A. and A.E. Lugo. (1985) "Rhizophora
mangle L. - Red Mangrove." SO-ITF-SM-2. U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1985.
10. Jimenez, J.A. and A.E. Lugo. "Avicennia germinans
(L.) L. - Black Mangrove." SO-ITFSM-4. U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C., 1985.
11. Law, Beverly E. and Nancy A. Pyrell Mangroves-Florida’s
Coastal Trees Forest Resources and Conservation Fact Sheet
FRC-43 UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA/Cooperative Extension
Service/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
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Florida Univerity of Central Florida Press/Orlando (1990)
13. Rabkin, R., and Rabkin, J. Nature Guide to
Florida. Banyan Books, Miami, 1978.
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Regulatory Guidelines." Proc. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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16. United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation
Service, "26 Ecological Communities of Florida." 1985.
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18. Workman, R.W. (1980) Growing Native. Sanibel-Captiva
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world. Mangroves grow in areas that are
frequently inundated with salt water due to tidal activity of
gulfs, seas and oceans. Mangroves are able to thrive salt water
inundation because of specialized rooting structures (such as prop
roots and pneumatophores), specialized reproduction (vivipary or
live birth) and the ability to exclude or excrete salt. Mangroves
grow exclusively in these tidal areas in large stands or groves to
where these areas are referred to as their own ecological
community, collectively called mangroves.